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# Design a PFC and Plate Section to AS 4100:1998
> Design combined PFC and plate steel sections for masonry support to AS 4100:1998. Checks bending capacity, short- and long-term deflection, and plate stress.
Design PFC and plate combined steel sections for masonry support to AS 4100:1998. Checks bending capacity, short- and long-term deflection, and plate stress due to eccentric brick load.
The PFC and Plate calculator to AS4100-1998 enables fast masonry support design and analysis. The calculator provides fast, easy to interpret results for moment, deflection, and applied stress and deflection due to brick, and supports a variety of PFC and Angle geometries and yield stresses.
## Method & scope
| Property | Detail |
| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Design standards | AS4100-1998 |
| Regions | Australia & New Zealand |
| What it checks | Section geometry and composite properties, Section slenderness and effective section modulus, Load combinations and design actions, Moment capacity, Deflection, Plate checks for eccentric brick load, Reactions |
#### Calculation method
The PFC and Plate calculator designs a built-up steel lintel section, a parallel-flange channel (PFC) with a flat plate welded to its underside, under gravity and wind loading, following AS 4100:1998 for member capacity and AS/NZS 1170.0:2002 for load combinations.
##### Section geometry and composite properties
The combined cross-section consists of the selected PFC and a plate of breadth b\_P = flange width + outstand d\_H, and user-specified thickness t\_P. The calculator derives the following section properties for the combined section:
* **Gross area** A\_g: PFC gross area plus plate area (t\_P × b\_P)
* **Elastic neutral axis** (from bottom): area-weighted centroid of PFC and plate, accounting for the plate sitting below the PFC
* **Plastic neutral axis**: the axis that equalises yield-stress-weighted compression and tension areas; three cases are evaluated depending on whether the PNA falls within the plate, the PFC web, or the PFC flanges
* **Second moments of area** I\_x and I\_y: calculated using the parallel axis theorem for each element about the combined centroid
* **Elastic section modulus** Z\_x: I\_x divided by the larger of the distances from the neutral axis to the extreme fibers
* **Plastic section modulus** S\_x: first moment of yield-stress-weighted area about the plastic neutral axis
* **Minimum yield stress** f\_y,min: the lesser of the PFC flange, web, and plate yield stresses
##### Section slenderness and effective section modulus
Section plate slenderness is taken as the maximum of the three element slendernesses, PFC flange, PFC web, and plate outstand, each computed as (b/t)√(f\_y/250) per AS 4100:1998 Cl 5.2.2. The effective elastic section modulus Z\_ex is then:
* If compact (λ\_s ≤ 82): Z\_ex = min(1.5 Z\_x, S\_x), plastic capacity governs
* If non-compact (82 \< λ\_s ≤ 115): Z\_ex interpolates between Z\_x and min(1.5 Z\_x, S\_x)
* If slender (λ\_s > 115): Z\_ex = Z\_x × 115/λ\_s, reduced capacity
##### Load combinations and design actions
Dead loads G include all distributed dead loads converted from kPa to kN/m using their load widths, plus self-weight of the PFC and plate. Live loads Q include distributed imposed loads, with a minimum equivalent point load at midspan per AS 1170.1 where the more adverse effect governs. Wind uplift W is calculated from site wind class (N1-N4 per AS/NZS 1170.2:2011), net pressure coefficient, and area reduction factor K\_a.
The factored design action is assembled from the limit state load combination selected by the user per AS/NZS 1170.0:2002 Cl 4.2.2, covering combinations including strength (1.2G + 1.5Q, 0.9G + 1.0W) and serviceability cases with short-term and long-term imposed action factors.
##### Moment capacity
The nominal section moment capacity is:
**M\_s = f\_y,min × Z\_ex**
The reference buckling moment M\_0 is computed from the lateral-torsional buckling parameters of the combined open section, with warping constant conservatively set to zero and torsion constant taken as the sum of the PFC and plate torsion constants per AS 4100:1998 Appendix H:
**M\_0 = √\[(π² EI\_y / L\_e²) × (GJ)]**
The slenderness reduction factor αs and moment modification factor αm give the nominal member bending capacity:
**M\_b = min(αs × αm × M\_s, M\_s)**
The design moment capacity is φ M\_b where φ = 0.9 per AS 4100:1998 Table 3.4. The check requires M\*\_x ≤ φ M\_b.
##### Deflection
Maximum mid-span deflection is computed using double integration for the combined UDL and optional point load. Two serviceability checks are performed:
* **Long-term serviceability**: dead load plus long-term live load component, checked against the allowable deflection limit
* **Short-term serviceability**: dead load plus short-term live load component, checked against the allowable deflection limit
Both use I\_x and E = 200,000 MPa for the combined section.
##### Plate checks for eccentric brick load
The plate cantilevering from the heel of the PFC carries the eccentric weight of brickwork acting at the plate outstand. Two checks are performed:
**Applied plate stress**: computed from the moment-curvature relationship, taking the moment arm as t\_P/2 and the relevant section modulus of the plate. The check is against the von Mises yield criterion for pure shear:
**σ\_E ≤ f\_y,P / √3**
**Total plate deflection**: the beam deflection (maximum of long-term and short-term values) plus the cantilever tip deflection of the plate treated as fixed at the PFC heel:
**Δ\_P = max(Δ\_l, Δ\_s) + ψ × w\_brick × d\_H³ / (3 × E × I\_plate)**
This total deflection is checked against the allowable limit, the governing check for brick cracking in masonry veneer construction.
##### Reactions
Support reactions are reported as limit-state, dead-load, and live-load components at each end of the span. These values are available for load linking: reactions can be passed directly into supporting column or footing calculations so that changes to the lintel loading propagate automatically downstream.
## How to use it
Open it from **Run calc** in the About this calculator panel above.
Work through the input sections from top to bottom. Click any input label to see its reference explanation, clause, conditions and assumptions. See [Checks, References, Conditions and Assumptions](/docs/running-calculations/checking-results/checks-references-conditions-assumptions).
Check the utilization of each governing check in the summary, then export a PDF report. See [Views and Export](/docs/running-calculations/exporting-reports/views-and-export).
## Common questions
The PFC and Plate calculator designs to AS 4100:1998 for member bending and section capacity, AS/NZS 1170.0:2002 for load combinations, and AS/NZS 1170.2:2011 for wind uplift pressures. All three standards are applied together in a single linked calculation.
You select a PFC member from the built-in section table, then enter span length, effective length for lateral-torsional buckling, plate outstand from the heel of the PFC (dH), plate thickness, and plate yield stress. Load inputs cover distributed dead and live loads, optional point loads, wind class, and net/external/internal pressure coefficients. The limit state combination is selected from a drop-down aligned with AS/NZS 1170.0.
The calculator checks design bending moment against both the nominal section moment capacity (Ms) and nominal member bending capacity (Mb) to AS 4100:1998 Cl 5.6. It also checks long-term and short-term serviceability deflection against allowable limits, applied stress on the plate due to eccentric brick load (von Mises criterion), total plate deflection due to brick, and support reactions as dead-load and live-load components.
Yes. You choose any PFC size from the built-in Australian section table and set the plate outstand and thickness independently. The plate breadth is computed automatically as the sum of the PFC flange width and the specified outstand. Section slenderness is re-evaluated for every combination, and the effective elastic section modulus (Zex) adjusts accordingly. The calculator handles plates that are compact, non-compact, or slender.
The plate is treated as a fixed cantilever from the heel of the PFC. The calculator computes the applied stress on the plate using the Hooke's-law moment-curvature relationship and checks it against the von Mises yield criterion for pure shear yielding due to torque from the brick load. It also adds the plate cantilever deflection to the beam deflection to give total plate movement, the check that governs brick cracking.
## Next steps
Complete list of Calcs.com design calculators available for Australian and New Zealand projects (AS 3600, AS 4100, AS 1720, AS/NZS 1170, and related standards).
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